What are the correct four steps in first aid for jellyfish stings?

The correct sequence of steps for first aid in the event of a jellyfish sting is to inactivate the sting, remove any tentacles, wash the affected area, and then treat any symptoms that arise.

Inactivating the sting is critical because it effectively deactivates the nematocysts (stinging cells) that may still be present or capable of injecting toxins. This step is often achieved using vinegar or a similar solution, depending on the type of jellyfish, as this can help neutralize the venom.

Following the inactivation, it is essential to remove any visible tentacles from the skin to prevent further envenomation. This must be done with caution, ideally using a pair of tweezers or the edge of a card, but without using fingers to minimize the risk of being stung again.

Washing the area with seawater (never fresh water, as it can trigger remaining stinging cells) further cleanses the wound and helps prevent infection.

Finally, treating symptoms can include measures like pain relief through medications and monitoring for more severe reactions, allowing for comprehensive care of the injured person. This careful sequence ensures that the person receives effective and safe treatment for jellyfish stings.